139 Hyde claimed they were doing so (Grey, , Debates, VIII, 265, 271)Google Scholar. 98 Even Sacheverell said that, in Edward III's time, the Commons represented the people's poverty to the king ‘then left it to the king, as he would do now’ (Grey, , Debates, III, 344)Google Scholar. The Debates in the House of Commons Assembled at Oxford (London, 1681)Google Scholar, reprinted in the Exact Collection, is basically the same as Grey, despite numerous minor verbal differences. Unfortunately for him, the House of Commons failed to view him as a reluctant participant in the scandal, instead believing that he was the author of the policy. No need to register, buy now! 74 For the instability of court politics, which allowed court feuds to spill over into Parliament, see Clarendon, , Life, III, 144Google Scholar; Letters addressed from London to Sir Joseph Williamson, ed. The major foreign policy issue of his early reign was the Second Anglo-Dutch War. There would be pardons for nearly all his opponents except the regicides. 131 Grey, , Debates, VIII, 330Google Scholar; Proceedings of the House of Commons touching the Impeachment of Edward, late Earl of Clarendon (London, 1700), p. 33Google Scholar. 72 Grey, , Debates, III, 87, 214–15Google Scholar; IV, 126; V, 75, 247. One reason for this reluctance to name evil advisers was that opposition politicians sought to show a continuity of policy since the breaking of the Triple Alliance whereas, of the ‘Cabal’, only Lauderdale remained in office and Shaftesbury and Buckingham were vehemently opposed to the court (Ibid., III, 307, 310; V, 243, (351); Miller, J., Popery and Politics in England, 1660–88 (Cambridge, 1973), pp. (2013). [15] Charles could not obtain sufficient finance or support to mount a serious challenge to Cromwell's government. "shouldUseHypothesis": true, In fact, the Cabal rarely acted in concert, and the court was often divided between two factions led by Arlington and Buckingham, with Arlington the more successful. 26 Barrillon to Louis XIV, 22 Dec. 1678 (n.s. "subject": true, S. P. 18 Marvell, A., Poems and Letters, ed. We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. [53] The Portuguese territories that Catherine brought with her as a dowry proved too expensive to maintain; Tangier was abandoned in 1684. 99–100; Grey, , Debates, VIII, 100, 102Google Scholar. 587, 595, 598). In the body of this essay the events and disputes that led to this situation will be explored fully. [51], Meanwhile, by a series of five charters, Charles granted the East India Company the rights to autonomous government of its territorial acquisitions, to mint money, to command fortresses and troops, to form alliances, to make war and peace, and to exercise both civil and criminal jurisdiction over its possessions in the Indies. Dom., 1679–8, p. 437; Ibid., 1680–1, pp. In the same year, he openly supported Catholic France and started the Third Anglo-Dutch War. 2 For example, Tanner, J. R., English Constitutional Conflicts of the Seventeenth Century (Cambridge, 1928), esp. (P.R.O., Baschet, 128); Temple, , Memoirs, p. 277Google Scholar. Upon his arrival in Scotland on 23 June 1650, he formally agreed to the Covenant; his abandonment of Episcopal church governance, although winning him support in Scotland, left him unpopular in England. 44 It was still functioning in March 1671 (C.J., IX, 219). 132 Ibid., VII, 447; see also Exact Collection, p. 52. [49] Louis was to provide him with 6,000 troops to suppress those who opposed the conversion. 102 Ibid., V, (350); VI, 199, 312–13; Behrens, B., ‘The Whig Theory of the Constitution in the Reign of Charles II’, Cambridge Hist. [73] Charles had a laboratory among his many interests, where prior to his illness he had been experimenting with mercury. 83–4Google Scholar. 41 Grey, , Debates, I, 165Google Scholar. During Charles's reign all legal documents stating a, From the death of his father to his defeat at the, All dates in this article unless otherwise noted are given in the. Charles sided with the Tories, and, following the discovery of the Rye House Plot to murder Charles and James in 1683, some Whig leaders were executed or forced into exile. Charles raised a ragtag army from his exiled subjects; this small, underpaid, poorly-equipped and ill-disciplined force formed the nucleus of the post-Restoration army. Looking back on Charles's reign, Tories tended to view it as a time of benevolent monarchy whereas Whigs perceived it as a terrible despotism. 113 C.J., IX, 692, 697, 702; H.M.C. If you should have access and can't see this content please, English Constitutional Conflicts of the Seventeenth Century, Parliament in the Sixteenth Century: Functions and Fortunes, Parliamentary History in Perspective, 1604–29, The Parliamentary Diary of Sir Edward Dering, 1670–3, An exact Collection of the Debates of the House of Commons held at Westminster, October 21 1680, The Debates in the House of Commons Assembled at Oxford, Sir Richard Temple, the Pickthank Undertaker, Charles II and the Cavalier House of Commons, The Growth of Responsible Government in Stuart England, Letters addressed from London to Sir Joseph Williamson, The Whig Theory of the Constitution in the Reign of Charles II, Brief Historical Relation of State Affairs, Politics and the Appointment of Justices of the Peace, 1675–1720, Proceedings of the House of Commons touching the Impeachment of Edward, late Earl of Clarendon. The Abhorrers—those who thought the Exclusion Bill was abhorrent—were named Tories (after a term for dispossessed Irish Catholic bandits), while the Petitioners—those who supported a petitioning campaign in favour of the Exclusion Bill—were called Whigs (after a term for rebellious Scottish Presbyterians). 107 Sidney, H., Diary of the Times of Charles II, ed. 38 B.L., Egerton MS 2539, fo. [84] Diana, Princess of Wales, was descended from two of Charles's illegitimate sons: the Dukes of Grafton and Richmond. [64], Charles faced a political storm over his brother James, a Catholic, being next in line to the throne. [62], Later in 1678, Danby was impeached by the House of Commons on the charge of high treason. His era became widely known as … 111 C.J., IX, 643, 670, 692, 695; Grey, , Debates, VIII, 21, 294Google Scholar. [67], Charles's opposition to the Exclusion Bill angered some Protestants. He delighted and bored listeners with tales of his escape for many years. 35 The House investigated the yield of the duties on wines in 1669 before voting more (C.J., IX, 115, 117). When negotiations with the Scots stalled, Charles authorised General Montrose to land in the Orkney Islands with a small army to threaten the Scots with invasion, in the hope of forcing an agreement more to his liking. Macaulay, T. B., History of England, Scotland and Ireland ‘ Parliament in the Sixteenth Century Functions! 214–15Google Scholar ; IV, 113, 122, 226 favourable to the indignity of posthumous decapitations Danby! London in July to Salisbury ; Parliament met in March 1681, and bawdy `` comedy! 610 ; Grey,, Debates, VI, 145, 152–3, 359–64Google Scholar 127Google ;. Experience of either military or Civil administration p. 52 one thousand pounds was vast. The power of the access options below an anti-Catholic preacher alternatives: his father fought Parliamentary and Puritan forces the! 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