Center for In France, the Reign of Terror followed. Ultimately, 693 deputies voted “yes” in favor of a guilty verdict. September 2-6th: The September Massacres in Paris result in around 1,200 deaths. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Revolution, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilien_Robespierre, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Commune, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Execution_of_Louis_XVI, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armoire_de_fer, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_of_Louis_XVI, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_(France), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10_August_(French_Revolution), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_the_First_Coalition, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Antoinette, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_France, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hinrichtung_Ludwig_des_XVI.png, https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-worldhistory/. The next day the Convention abolished the monarchy and declared a republic. On January 21, 1793, the former Louis XVI, now simply named Citoyen Louis Capet (Citizen Louis Capet), was executed by guillotine. The First Republic (1792-1804) Following the aftermaths of the Revolution of 1789 and the abolishment of the monarchy, the First Republic of France is established on September 22 of 1792. It was even suggested that Mailhe had been paid, perhaps by Spanish gold. In the history of France, the First Republic, officially the French Republic (French: République française), was founded on 22 September 1792 during the French Revolution. It succeeded the Legislative Assembly and founded the First Republic after the insurrection of August 10, 1792. A new revolutionary calendar is adopted by the National Convention which sets 1792 as the first year (first year of the republic) and has 14 months instead of 12 based on non-Christian times of the year. A commission was established to examine evidence against him while the Convention’s Legislation Committee considered legal aspects of any future trial. The French Revolution (French: Révolution française [ʁevɔlysjɔ̃ fʁɑ̃sɛːz]) began in May 1789 when the Ancien Régime was abolished in favour of a constitutional monarchy.Its replacement in September 1792 by the First French Republic led to the execution of Louis XVI in January 1793, and an extended period of political turmoil. Louis XVI's execution catalyses extreme resistance throughout much of Europe. The "Constitution de l'an VII" grants him the majority of the power and declares him "Premier consul de la République." Thousands of political prisoners are killed before they can be freed by royalist troops. Thousands of people are executed, and over 200,000 arrests are made during the two years of massive uprising. September 20th: The Legislative Assembly is dissolved and replaced by the National Convention. Redefining the organization of the French government, citizenship and the limits to the powers of government, the National Assembly set out to represent the interests of the general will. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The trial began on December 3. That day became 1 Vendemiaire of the year I of the Republic. In late September, therefore, the first election took place under the rules of the Constitution of 1791. France became a republic in September 1792 and remained one until 1804 – although the form of the government changed several times. Napoleon continues to launch strong military and intense governmental presence through the Code Napoleon/Code Civil of 1804. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, adopted on 26 August 1789 eventually became the preamble of the constitution adopted on 3 September 1791. Jacques Necker appointed Minister of France. 2.The French people is, for the purpose of exercising its sovereignty, divided into primary assemblies according to cantons. Louis was to be put to death. At their first meeting, the Convention decides to try King Louis XVI for treason, finds him guilty, and executes him on January 21, 1793. In the autumn of 1792, the revolutionary government, having written off the idea of a constitutional monarchy, set about electing a National Convention of delegates to oversee the country. Providence, RI 02912 According to the revised Constitution, the Directory holds all executive power, and one of the five men is to be replaced each year. Following the aftermaths of the Revolution of 1789 and the abolishment of the monarchy, the First Republic of France is established on September 22 of 1792. The Insurrection of August 10, 1792, was one of the defining events in the history of the French Revolution. Marie Antoinette was tried separately, after Louis’s death. It was the first French assembly elected by universal male suffrage, without distinctions of class. Digital Scholarship STUDY. In response, Russia, Austria, Britain, Turkey, Portugal and Naples form the Second Coalition against France. After the official abolition of the French monarchy on 21 September 1792, the National Convention instituted the new French Revolutionary Calendar. 3.For the purpose of administration and justice, it is divided into departments, districts, and municipalities. Later, during the Napoleonic date system, years are counted since the establishment of the first French Republic on 22 September 1792. The Convention’s unanimous declaration of a French Republic on September 21, 1792, left open the fate of the King. Several factions formed in response to this, including the Jacobins, who completely disagreed with the monarchy and thought the Revolution should move forward. For the king’s sentence, deputy Jean-Baptiste Mailhe proposed “Death, but (…) I think it would be worthy of the Convention to consider whether it would be useful to policy to delay the execution.” This “Mailhe amendment,” supported by 26 deputies, was regarded by some of Mailhe’s contemporaries as a conspiracy to save the king’s life. 34 voted for death with attached conditions (23 of whom invoked the Mailhe amendment), 2 voted for life imprisonment in irons, 319 voted for imprisonment until the end of the war (to be followed by banishment). The short-lived French Constitution of 1791 was the first written constitution in France, created after the collapse of the Absolute Monarchy of the Ancien Régime. As Napoleon's popularity and ambition soar, he sets out to destroy British troops by invading Egypt in May of 1798. The Minister of the Armed Forces (French: Ministre des Armées, lit. The former Louis XVI, now simply named Citoyen Louis Capet (Citizen Louis Capet), was executed by guillotine. The Coup D'Etat of Fructidor, September 1797 [Phipps, Ramsay Weston] on Amazon.com. 5. August 25, 1788. REPUBLICANISM radical, non-monarchical alternative of American colonies in 1776 Revolution 1792-95 First French Republic influenced by Rousseau, by American Republic of 1776 This situation became an international point of focus, and some of the debates from … September 22 - The First French Republic is founded. Domestically, France continues to suffer poor economic conditions, and the Directory is plagued by corruption. and 361 voted for death without conditions, just carrying the vote by a marginal majority. Tennis Court Oath. Napoleon signs the Concordat with the Pope in 1801, formalizing the Church's presence in France by allowing the State to appoint bishops. The Directory is composed of moderate republicans favoring the bourgeoisie. She was guillotined on October 16, 1793. It provided the focus of political debate and revolutionary law-making between the periods of the National Constituent Assembly and the National Convention. On July 27, 1794, Robespierre, a major leader of the Reign of Terror, is overthrown and executed, but the revered reputation of the French Revolution is drastically diminished throughout Europe. cds_info@brown.edu. Most Montagnards (radical republicans) favored judgement and execution, while the Girondins (moderate republicans) were divided concerning Louis’s fate, with some arguing for royal inviolability, others for clemency, and still others for either lesser punishment or death. Not a single deputy voted “no,” although 26 attached some condition to their votes. Paris voted overwhelmingly for death, 21 to 3. At 10 a.m., a carriage with the king arrived at Place de la Révolution and proceeded to a space surrounded by guns and drums and a crowd carrying pikes and bayonets, which had been kept free at the foot of the scaffold. In the same year, France invades Switzerland. A project of the French citizenship is lost: 1st, By naturalization in a foreign country; February 1st, 1793. Execution of Louis XVI, German copperplate engraving, 1793, by Georg Heinrich Sieveking. September 25, 1791 The deputies of the National Constituent Assembly adopt the first version of the Penal Code (French: Code Pénal), a set of rules governing violations and criminal responsibility. Most Montagnards (radical republicans) favored judgement and execution, while the Girondins (moderate republicans) were divided concerning Louis’s fate. His royal seal was to go to the Dauphin and his wedding ring to the Queen. After many battles on many lands, the French troops are able to draft peace treaties with Austria, Holland, Prussia, and Spain. Tuileries break-in ... First French Republic. September - The September Massacres occur between September 2 - 7. War with Austria. The Aftermath of August 10 War of the First Coalition. The King attempted to flee France and raise an army to retake the country from the revolutionaries. Robespierre voted first and said “The sentiment that led me to call for the abolition of the death penalty is the same that today forces me to demand that it be applied to the tyrant of my country.” Philippe Égalité, formerly the Duke of Orléans and Louis’ own cousin, voted for his execution, a cause of much future bitterness among French monarchists.